龟纹瓢虫对草地贪夜蛾卵和低龄幼虫的捕食作用

为明确龟纹瓢虫Propylaea japonica对草地贪夜蛾Spodoptera frugiperda的控害潜力,在(25±1)℃、L∥D=16 h//8 h、RH (60±5)%的条件下研究了龟纹瓢虫雌、雄成虫和4龄幼虫对草地贪夜蛾卵、1龄和2龄幼虫的捕食能力。结果表明,龟纹瓢虫4龄幼虫和雌、雄成虫对草地贪夜蛾卵、1龄和2龄幼虫的捕食反应均符合HollingⅡ模型。龟纹瓢虫雌、雄成虫和4龄幼虫对草地贪夜蛾卵的日最大捕食量分别为204.6、110.9粒和124.7粒,瞬时攻击率分别为1.125、1.658和1.429,处理时间分别为0.004 9、0.009 0 d和0.008 0 d;对草地贪夜蛾1龄幼虫的日最大捕食量分别为242.4、265.5头和109.4头,瞬时攻击率分别为1.233、1.038和1.411,处理时间分别为0.004 1、0.003 8 d和0.009 1 d;对草地贪夜蛾2龄幼虫的日最大捕食量分别为41.2、40.3头和27.6头,瞬时攻击率分别为1.386、1.226和1.685,处理时间分别为0.024 3、0.024 8 d和0.036 2 d。雌、雄成虫和4龄幼虫对草地贪夜蛾卵和低龄幼虫的搜寻效应均随着猎物密度的增加而降低。龟纹瓢虫对草地贪夜蛾卵和1龄幼虫的捕食量高于2龄幼虫。结果表明龟纹瓢虫对草地贪夜蛾卵和低龄幼虫具有较好的控制作用,为利用龟纹瓢虫控制草地贪夜蛾提供了理论依据。     

西安特色农产品品牌塑造及其传播策略

农业品牌化是实现现代农业的重要手段。介绍了西安特色农产品品牌塑造与传播现状，指出了其中存在的问题及原因，并据此提出西安特色农产品品牌塑造和传播模式，给出品牌塑造与传播策略。研究结果可为西安特色农产品品牌建设和促进西安乡村经济发展提供参考。      

山东发现草地贪夜蛾为害马铃薯

重大迁飞性害虫草地贪夜蛾Spodoptera frugiperda(J.E.Smith)侵入我国后,截至2019年9月17日,已经在全国25个省份查见。2019年9月,山东省滕州市姜屯镇秋马铃薯地块发现疑似该虫为害,经鉴定,确认为草地贪夜蛾,对被害地块情况、马铃薯被害状、被害率进行了调查及描述,为该虫在马铃薯上的防治提供参考。     

贵州石斛属植物种类资源研究

对贵州省石斛属植物进行了调查,分析了贵州省与部分省区石斛属植物区系间的亲缘关系。结果表明,贵州省有28种石斛属的野生种类,石斛属植物占全国总种数的35.90%,与广西省和云南省的相似程度最高。在垂直分布上随着海拔升高,种数先逐渐增加后减少,在海拔900~1100 m时达到最大,在此区间,石斛资源最丰富;在水平分布上,贵州省42个市(县)及2个保护区有石斛属植物分布,只有1个特有种为梵净山石斛。     

2ZS-3型挠性圆盘式甘蓝补水移栽机设计及试验

针对甘蓝传统手工移栽劳动强度大、效率低的问题，根据甘蓝种植农艺要求，研制了适宜甘蓝裸苗移栽的2ZS-3型挠性圆盘式甘蓝补水移栽机。分析了幼苗栽植过程中的运动轨迹，选取了适宜栽苗区间。对送苗装置、挠性圆盘装置、开沟器和覆土镇压装置等关键部件进行了设计，确定了设计参数，最后经田间试验，各项指标符合标准要求。      

Suramin alleviates hypertrophic scar in mice by inhibiting fibroplasia and inflammatory response

AIM: To investigate the therapeutical effect of suramin on hypertrophic scar (HPS) and its mechanism. METHODS: After the mouse model of HPS was established by mechanical stretching, the suramin solution at low dose (5 mg/kg) and high dose (10 mg/kg) was applied onto the scar site caused by mechanical load in mice by transdermal administration once a day for 10 d. The degree of scar hyperplasia was observed by macroscopy. The scar cross-sectional area and scar elevation index in the HPS tissues were evaluated by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining. The expression levels of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in HPS tissues were detected by immumohistochemical staining. The expression level of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) in HPS tissues was detected by immunofluorescence staining, RT-qPCR and Western blot. The levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), IL-6, IL-10 and TGF-β1 in the HPS tissues were measured by ELISA. RESULTS: Macroscopic observation showed that the surface areas of scar in the HPS mice after treatment with suramin at low and high doses were significantly reduced (P<0.01). HE staining results showed that the scar cross-sectional area and the scar elevation index of HPS mice after treatment with suramin at low and high doses were significantly reduced (P<0.05 or P<0.01). The results of immunofluorescence staining, RT-qPCR and Western blot showed that the number of α-SMA positive cells and the mRNA and protein expression of α-SMA in scar tissues of HPS mice after treatment with suramin at low and high doses were significantly decreased (P<0.05 or P<0.01). The results of immunohistochemical staining showed that the expression levels of TGF-β1 and IL-6 in scar tissues of HPS mice after treatment with suramin at low and high doses were significantly reduced (P<0.01). The results of ELISA showed that the levels of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10 and TGF-β1 in the scar tissues of HPS mice after treatment with suramin at low and high doses were significantly reduced (P<0.01). CONCLUSION: Suramin inhibits the formation of HPS, which may be related to the inhibition of fibroplasia and reduction of local inflammatory response.     

长期秸秆配施化肥对土壤养分及小麦产量、品质的影响

以40年长期定位试验为平台,系统分析了不同施肥处理对暗棕壤土壤碳氮磷含量和小麦产量及品质的影响,为探讨长期施用秸秆条件下土壤肥力演变规律提供理论依据。试验设4个处理,分别为单施化肥(NP)、秸秆配施化肥(S+NP)、秸秆配施1/2化肥(S+1/2NP)、秸秆配施1/4化肥(S+1/4NP),其中秸秆为隔年麦秸还田,用量为3 000 kg/hm~2,化肥N、P用量为N 150 kg/hm~2、P_2O_5 150 kg/hm~2。结果表明:1)与NP处理相比,秸秆配施化肥处理(S+NP)显著增加了0～20 cm土壤有机碳含量和有效磷含量;秸秆还田条件下,S+1/2NP和S+1/4NP处理0～20 cm土壤中碳氮磷含量均低于S+NP处理,而对于20～40、40～60 cm土层养分含量差异表现不一致。2)不同施肥处理对春小麦产量及其构成因素有显著的影响,各施肥处理综合表现为:S+NPNPS+1/2NPS+1/4NP,即以S+NP处理春小麦产量最高;不同施肥处理对春小麦籽粒容重、蛋白质含量、湿面筋含量、吸水率、延伸率和拉伸面积等品质指标影响不显著。综合分析各处理,结果表明:S+NP处理(即在秸秆还田条件下,施用N 150 kg/hm~2、P_2O_5 150 kg/hm~2)相对其他处理,其保障小麦产量和提升(或维持)土壤肥力的效果最佳。     

Effect of pidotimod on renal function and inflammatory response in rat IgA nephropathy model

AIM:To explore the effect of pidotimod on the renal function in IgA nephropathy (IgAN) rat model, and to further study whether this effect is related to the inhibition of inflammatory response. METHODS:The SD rats (n=36) were randomly divided into control group, IgAN model group, IgAN with prednisone treatment group and IgAN with pidotimod treatment group, with 9 rats in each group. The IgAN model was induced by consecutive oral administration of bovine gamma globulin (BGG) for 8 weeks followed by injection of BGG through tail vein for 3 d. After the IgAN model was established, the drug was continuously used for 4 weeks. At the end of the treatment, the urine protein, serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen were examined by an automated analyzer. IgA deposition in the renal tissues was observed by immunofluorescence staining. The mRNA expression levels of renal fibrosis markers transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and fibronectin 1 in the renal tissues were detected by RT-qPCR. The mRNA and protein levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and IL-6 in the renal tissues were determined by RT-qPCR and Western blot, respectively. RESULTS:No significant difference of the body weight was observed in different groups. Compared with control group, the content of urine protein, serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen were significantly increased (P<0.01), whereas those were reversed by pidotimod treatment. The results of immunofluorescence staining showed that pidotimod inhibited IgA deposition in the IgAN rats. Pitomod treatment inhibited the mRNA expression levels of renal fibrosis markers TGF-β1 and fibronectin 1, and the mRNA and protein levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-6 in the renal tissues of IgAN rats. CONCLUSION:Pidotimod alleviates IgAN progression in rats by inhibition of inflammatory response.     

水稻资源全生育期耐盐性鉴定筛选

对来自国内外不同地区的550份水稻资源进行全生育期耐盐性鉴定。设置淡水、0.3%和0.5%盐溶液浇灌3个处理,插秧10d后,通过浇灌不同体积的淡水与海水调至设计浓度对水稻进行不同浓度的盐胁迫处理。分别调查了淡水及0.3%盐处理下水稻株高、有效分蘖数、主穗长度、主穗结实率、单株产量、抽穗期6项农艺性状和0.5%盐处理下的水稻耐盐表型。与淡水浇灌相比,全生育期在0.3%盐溶液处理下,550份水稻(100%)株高显著降低;124份(22.55%)水稻有效分蘖数(90份增加, 34份减少)、414份(75.27%)水稻主穗长度(405份变短、9份增长)、145份(26.36%)水稻主穗结实率(84份减少, 61份增加)、375份(68.18%)水稻单株产量(343份减少, 32份增加)存在(极)显著差异;水稻资源的抽穗期无显著差异。主成分分析表明,主穗结实率、有效分蘖数及单株产量3项性状累计贡献77.25%的变异。根据产量耐盐系数筛选了121份耐盐水稻资源(产量耐盐系数≥0.8),在0.5%盐胁迫持续处理42 d后,筛选了78份耐盐水稻资源(耐盐表型为3级),其中25份水稻资源全生育期在0.3%盐处理下单株产量耐盐系数≥0.8,在0.5%盐胁迫持续处理42 d后的耐盐表型为3级。筛选的耐盐水稻资源为培育耐盐新品种及深入研究耐盐机制提供材料。